Data Types
Understanding Data Types
Complete reference for all supported data types including scalar, complex, and geospatial types
Functions & Operators
Aggregate Functions
SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX, and more
String Functions
CONCAT, SUBSTRING, TRIM, UPPER, LOWER, and more
Date/Time Functions
DATE_TRUNC, DATE_DIFF, NOW, and more
Mathematical Functions
ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, ROUND, and more
Conversion Functions
CAST, TO_TIMESTAMP, TO_DATE, and more
Time Zone Functions
Functions for working with time zones
Conditional Functions
CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF, and more
Array Functions
Functions for working with arrays
Window Functions
ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, LEAD, and more
JSON Functions
Functions for parsing and manipulating JSON data
Geospatial Functions & Operators
Geospatial Overview
Introduction to geospatial capabilities
Geometry Functions
Functions for creating and manipulating geometries
Spatial Predicates
ST_CONTAINS, ST_INTERSECTS, ST_WITHIN, and more
Spatial Measurements
ST_DISTANCE, ST_AREA, ST_LENGTH, and more
Geospatial Indexes
Configure indexes for geospatial queries
DDL SQL Statements
CREATE Statements
CREATE DATABASE, TABLE, INDEX, PIPELINE, and more
ALTER Statements
ALTER TABLE, DATABASE, and more
DROP Statements
DROP DATABASE, TABLE, INDEX, and more
Database, Tables, Views, and Indexes
Managing database objects
DCL SQL Statements
Grant and Revoke
Control access permissions with GRANT and REVOKE statements
Machine Learning Execution
ML Functions
Execute machine learning models within SQL queries
Other SQL Reference
SQL Syntax Conventions
Understanding SQL syntax documentation
Reserved Words
List of SQL reserved words
System Catalog Tables
Query system metadata