Users, Groups, and Service Classes are managed using DDL SQL statements that allow administrators to create, drop, or alter each type of database object. These commands also allow administrators to associate service classes with groups and control service class settings for workload management.

USER

CREATE USER

CREATE USER creates a new user, which is scoped to the database of the active connection processing the DDL statement. This means that usernames can be reused across different databases. Syntax

CREATE USER [ IF NOT EXISTS ] fully_qualified_username <user_definition> [, ...] ]

<user_definition> ::=
    PASSWORD [=] 'password_string' |
    [ FIRST_NAME [=] 'first_name_string' ] |
    [ LAST_NAME [=] 'last_name_string' ] | 
    [ EMAIL [=] 'email_string'

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`fully_qualified_username`	string	A fully qualified username (FQUN) that follows the pattern `user_name@database_name` and uniquely identifies a user in Ocient®. An FQUN can reference a user associated with a different database than the one you are connected to. For FQUN examples, see the table below.

If you specify only a user_name without a database_name, Ocient assumes the user is associated with the database of the active connection.

user id	user name	database name	fully qualified user name (FQUN)
000	alice	db1	alice@db1
001	alice	db2	alice@db2
002	jimmy	system	jimmy@system

Define User Parameters (`<user_definition>`)

You can apply the following optional parameters when creating a new user object.

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`password_string`	string	A password for the user account. This parameter is required.
`first_name_string`	string	Optional. The first name of the user.
`last_name_string`	string	Optional. The last name of the user.
`email_string`	string	Optional. The email of the user.

Example This example creates a new user named jmack@test-database with the password pass1234.

CREATE USER 
    "jmack@test-database" PASSWORD = 'pass1234', 
    FIRST_NAME = 'Johnny', 
    LAST_NAME = 'Mack';

DROP USER

DROP USER removes an existing user from the system. To remove a user, you must possess the DROP USER privilege for the user.

DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] fully_qualified_username [,...]

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`fully_qualified_username`	string	A fully qualified username (FQUN) that follows the pattern `user_name@database_name` and uniquely identifies a user in Ocient. You can drop multiple users by specifying additional usernames and separating each with commas. An FQUN can reference a user associated with a different database than the one you are connected to.

If you specify only a user_name without a database_name, Ocient assumes the user is associated with the database of the active connection.

Example This example removes a user named jmack@test-database.

DROP USER "jmack@test-database";

This example drops multiple users.

DROP USER "jmack@test-database", "jcollins@test-database";

ALTER USER

Change the status of a user using the ALTER USER SQL statement. Required Privileges To change the state of a user, you must have ALTER privileges on the user or one of these roles:

System Administrator Role
Security Administrator Role
Administrator Role on the database of the user

Users cannot change their own state.

Syntax

ALTER USER <user_name> { ENABLE | DISABLE | PASSWORD_EXPIRED }

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`user_name`	string	The name of the user.

Examples Enable a User Enable a user named example_user.

ALTER USER example_user ENABLE;

Disable a User Disable a user named example_user.

ALTER USER example_user DISABLE;

Expire the Password of a User Change the example_user user to the password_expired state. This action requires the user to update their password on their next successful login.

ALTER USER example_user PASSWORD_EXPIRED;

ALTER USER SET

Changes the password of an existing user. Syntax

ALTER USER [ IF EXISTS ] fully_qualified_username SET PASSWORD = password_string

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`fully_qualified_username`	string	A fully qualified username (FQUN) that follows the pattern `user_name@database_name` and uniquely identifies a user in Ocient. An FQUN can reference a user associated with a different database than the one you are connected to.
`password_string`	string	A password for the user account. There are no restrictions on the string used for a password.

If you specify only a user_name without a database_name, Ocient assumes the user is associated with the database of the active connection.

Example This example changes the password of user "jmack@test-database" to 'newpass'.

ALTER USER "jmack@test-database" SET PASSWORD = 'newpass';

GROUP

CREATE GROUP

CREATE GROUP creates a new group. The name must be distinct from the name of any existing group in the database.

CREATE GROUP [ IF NOT EXISTS ] group_name

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	A group name unique from any existing group in the database.

Example This example creates a new group named group1.

CREATE GROUP "group1";

DROP GROUP

DROP GROUP removes an existing group from the system. To remove a group, you must possess the DROP GROUP privilege for the group. Syntax

DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] group_name [, ...]

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	The identifier of the group to drop. You can drop multiple groups by specifying additional group names and separating each with commas.

Example This example removes a group named group1.

DROP GROUP "group1";

This example removes multiple groups.

DROP GROUP "group1", "group2";

ALTER GROUP

ALTER GROUP USER

ALTER GROUP adds or removes users from the group using the USER keyword. Syntax

ALTER GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] groupname { ADD | DROP } USER username [, ...]

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	The identifier of the group to alter.
`username`	string	A username that uniquely identifies a user in the specified group.

If you specify only a user_name without a database_name, Ocient assumes the user is associated with the database of the active connection.

Example This example adds user1 to an existing group named group1.

ALTER GROUP "group1" ADD USER "user1";

ALTER GROUP RENAME

ALTER GROUP renames an existing group by including the RENAME TO keyword. Syntax

ALTER GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] group_name RENAME TO new_group_name

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	The identifier of the group to alter.
`new_group_name`	string	The new name for the group.

Example This example renames an existing group group1 to group2.

ALTER GROUP "group1" RENAME TO "group2";

ALTER GROUP SET SERVICE CLASS

Set a service class for the specified group. Syntax

ALTER GROUP group_name SET SERVICE CLASS sc_name

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	The identifier of the group to alter.
`sc_name`	string	The new name of the service class to assign to the group. To unset a service class from a group and restore defaults, specify “DEFAULT” as the service class name.

Example

ALTER GROUP "wlm_test" SET SERVICE CLASS "high_priority";

ALTER GROUP ALTER SECURITY

Set the security settings at the group level using the ALTER GROUP ALTER SECURITY SQL statement. Replace <security_setting> with the security setting and <value> with the value. Syntax

ALTER GROUP group_name ALTER SECURITY <security_setting> [=] <value>

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`group_name`	string	The identifier of the group for setting security settings.
`security_setting`	string	The security setting with values: * `password_minimum_length`

password_complexity_level
password_no_repeat_count
password_lifetime_days
password_invalid_attempt_limit
For details about these values, see Database Password Security Settings. | | value | numeric | An integer to represent one of the security settings. For details about this value, see Database Password Security Settings. |

Example Set the password lifetime to 10 days for the group example_group.

ALTER GROUP example_group 
    ALTER SECURITY password_lifetime_days = 10;

SERVICE CLASS

CREATE SERVICE CLASS

A service class defines a set of limits on various system parameters. The Ocient System applies service classes per group. By default, all groups are in the DEFAULT service class, which has no limits. If a user belongs to multiple groups with different service classes, the system uses the first service class alphabetically by service class name. Syntax

CREATE SERVICE CLASS [ IF NOT EXISTS ] sc_name [ <service_class_definition> [, ...] ]

<service_class_definition> ::=
  MAX_TEMP_DISK_USAGE [=] percentage |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME [=] time |
  MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES [=] queries |
  MAX_ROWS_RETURNED [=] rows |
  SCHEDULING_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  CACHE_MAX_BYTES [=] cache_max_bytes |
  CACHE_MAX_TIME [=] cache_max_time |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME_FOR_CACHING [=] max_elapsed_time_for_caching |
  MAX_COLUMNS_IN_RESULT_SET [=] max_columns_in_result_set |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR [=] priority_adjustment_factor |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_TIME [=] priority_adjustment_time |
  MIN_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  MAX_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  STATEMENT_TEXT { LIKE | REGEX } [=] statement_text_pattern 

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`sc_name`	string	The identifier of the service class.

Define Service Classes ( `<service_class_definition>` )

When you create a new service class, the Ocient System sets any omitted service class definitions to the maximum or least restrictive value. Each definition should be comma-separated. When you alter a service class definition, the system modifies only the definition you specify. See the Workload Management Walkthrough for more details.

Parameter	Description	Values
`MAX_TEMP_DISK_USAGE`	Limit the percentage of temporary disk space used by the total service class relative to the amount of remaining free space. If all running queries for a particular service class exceed the given percentage, queries will fail.	A percentage integer from 0-100.
`MAX_ELAPSED_TIME`	Limit query runtime. The database process kills any queries that exceed this limit.	-1 for unlimited, or a positive integer for the number of seconds.
`MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES`	Limit the maximum number of queries that can run concurrently for a given service class. The database process queues additional queries.	-1 for unlimited, or a positive integer for the number of queries.
`MAX_ROWS_RETURNED`	Limit number of rows returned by a query. The database process kills queries that exceed this limit.	-1 for unlimited, or a positive integer for the number of rows.
`MINIMIZE_QUERY_DEBUG_RECORDS`	Stop the load of the `sys.completed_operator_instances` system catalog table and the generation of specific debug logs associated with the query.	Boolean `true` for minimizing the capture of metadata and logs, and `false` or unset (default) for capturing this data.
`SCHEDULING_PRIORITY`	Limit initial effective query priority.	Any decimal value between the `MIN_PRIORITY` and `MAX_PRIORITY`.
`CACHE_MAX_BYTES`	Maximum number of bytes in a result set if the result set can be stored in the cache. This value is the number of bytes in the wire-protocol representation, or what is sent to a client.	-1 for none, or a positive integer for the number of bytes.
`CACHE_MAX_TIME`	Maximum time rows are cached.	-1 for none, or a positive integer for the number of seconds.
`MAX_ELAPSED_TIME_FOR_CACHING`	Maximum elapsed time for caching. If you set this parameter, queries that exceed maximum elapsed time return no results, but continue to run in the background until either the query reaches the maximum elapsed time for caching or the query successfully completes and caches the result set. For details, see documentation.	-1 for none, or a positive integer for the number of seconds.
`MAX_COLUMNS_IN_RESULT_SET`	Limit number of columns returned by a query. The database process kills queries that exceed this limit.	-1 for unlimited, or a positive integer for the number of columns.
`PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR`	Percentage amount to adjust query priority. You can override this limit at the query level or the session level. Formula is: `(new_priority = current_priority * priority_adjustment_factor)`	0 to disable dynamic priority adjustment (default), or a positive double value that is greater than 0. Values less than 1 decrease priority over time until the priority reaches the service class minimum priority, while values greater than 1 increase priority over time until the priority reaches the service class maximum priority.
`PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_TIME`	Time period that indicates the frequency for the adjustment of query priority during execution of the query. You can override this limit at the query level or the session level.	0 to disable dynamic priority adjustment (default), or a positive integer (unsigned 32-bit integer) for the number of seconds that is greater than 0.
`MIN_PRIORITY`	Limit the minimum query priority. The current effective priority cannot be smaller than this value.	0 (default) or any decimal value (double) greater than 0.
`MAX_PRIORITY`	Limit the maximum query priority. The current effective priority cannot be greater than this value.	-1 (default) that indicates infinity or any decimal value (double) greater than 0.
`STATEMENT_TEXT`	The system uses the specified service class for any queries that match the specified text pattern. The system uses service classes with statement text before any service classes that lack statement text. If there are multiple service classes with statement text available, the system attempts to match them in alphabetical order. This matching allows you to set up service classes so that the system can assign certain query types automatically to higher-priority service classes.	A string that uses either LIKE or REGEX pattern matching. For example, `STATEMENT_TEXT REGEX ".my_table.\|.your_table."` would match any queries that include the strings `my_table` or `your_table`.
`LOW_LATENCY`	Optional settings that enable you to manage low-latency service classes.	Boolean `true` or `false`, or a Key-Value setting map.
`MEMORY_OPTIMAL_STRATEGY`	Direct the Ocient System to reduce query memory usage, even if the operation might increase execution time. Contact Ocient Support when you change this parameter.	Boolean `true` instructs the system to apply stricter scheduling and execution rules to minimize memory consumption and avoid excessive concurrent usage. Otherwise, setting this parameter to `false` instructs the system to disable such strategies, even if the service class default enables them. By default, this parameter is unset. If you leave this parameter unset, the system reverts to higher-level default behavior or other service class settings.

Example This example creates a service class named sc_name.

CREATE SERVICE CLASS sc_name 
    MAX_TEMP_DISK_USAGE = 80, 
    MAX_ELAPSED_TIME = 100, 
    MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES = 10,
    MAX_ROWS_RETURNED = 100, 
    SCHEDULING_PRIORITY = 5.0, 
    CACHE_MAX_BYTES = 1000, 
    CACHE_MAX_TIME = 25, 
    MAX_ELAPSED_TIME_FOR_CACHING = 50;

DROP SERVICE CLASS

Remove an existing service class from the system. When dropping a service class, you can use the FORCE flag to drop a service class and unset it from any dependent groups. If FORCE is not used, the function throws an error if there are dependent groups. Syntax

DROP SERVICE CLASS sc_name [ IF EXISTS ] [ FORCE ]

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`sc_name`	string	The identifier of the service class.

Example

DROP SERVICE CLASS "my_sc";

ALTER SERVICE CLASS

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RENAME

Rename a service class. Syntax

ALTER SERVICE CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] sc_name RENAME TO new_name

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`sc_name`	string	The old identifier of the service class.
`new_name`	string	The new identifier for the `sc_name` service class.

Example

ALTER SERVICE CLASS "my_sc" RENAME TO "my_new_sc";

ALTER SERVICE CLASS SET

Alter a service class with new parameter definitions by using the SET keyword. Syntax

ALTER SERVICE CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] sc_name 
   SET <service_class_definition> [, ...]
      
<service_class_definition> ::=
  MAX_TEMP_DISK_USAGE [=] percentage |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME [=] time |
  MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES [=] queries |
  MAX_ROWS_RETURNED [=] rows |
  SCHEDULING_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  CACHE_MAX_BYTES [=] cache_max_bytes |
  CACHE_MAX_TIME [=] cache_max_time |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME_FOR_CACHING [=] max_elapsed_time_for_caching |
  MAX_COLUMNS_IN_RESULT_SET [=] max_columns_in_result_set |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR [=] priority_adjustment_factor |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_TIME [=] priority_adjustment_time |
  MIN_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  MAX_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  STATEMENT_TEXT { LIKE | REGEX } [=] statement_text_pattern 

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`sc_name`	string	The identifier of the service class.

For the service class definition parameters <service_class_definition>, see Define Service Classes. Examples This example changes the value of MAX_ROWS_RETURNED to 51 on the service class named sc_name.

ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET MAX_ROWS_RETURNED = 51;

This example makes dynamic priority adjustments at the service class level for a priority adjustment time of 15 seconds, priority adjustment factor of 0.75, minimum priority of 2.0, and maximum priority of 5.0.

ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_TIME = 15;
ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR = 0.75;
ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET MIN_PRIORITY = 2.0;
ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET MAX_PRIORITY = 5.0;

This example sets the service class sc_name to handle queries matching the regular expression .*my_table.*.

ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" SET STATEMENT_TEXT REGEX ".*my_table.*";

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RESET

Alter a service class by restoring default values for one or more specified settings. Syntax

ALTER SERVICE CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] sc_name RESET <service_class_definition> [, ...]

<service_class_definition> ::=
  NAME [=] name |
  MAX_TEMP_DISK_USAGE [=] percentage |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME [=] time |
  MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES [=] queries |
  MAX_ROWS_RETURNED [=] rows |
  SCHEDULING_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  CACHE_MAX_BYTES [=] cache max bytes |
  CACHE_MAX_TIME [=] cache max time |
  MAX_ELAPSED_TIME_FOR_CACHING [=] max elapsed time for caching |
  MAX_COLUMNS_IN_RESULT_SET [=] max columns in result set |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR [=] priority adjustment factor |
  PRIORITY_ADJUSTMENT_TIME [=] priority adjustment time |
  MIN_PRIORITY [=] priority |
  MAX_PRIORITY [=] priority | 
  STATEMENT_TEXT { LIKE | REGEX } [=] statement_text_pattern

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`sc_name`	string	The identifier of the service class.

For descriptions of the <service_class_definition> parameters, see Defining Service Classes. Example This example resets the value of MAX_ROWS_RETURNED on the service class named sc_name.

ALTER SERVICE CLASS "sc_name" RESET MAX_ROWS_RETURNED;

ALTER QUERY

Set the priority of a SQL query that is running. This priority takes effect immediately. The priority must remain within service class priority limits. The Ocient System overrides other preset priorities for this query, including any existing dynamic priority adjustments. Syntax

ALTER QUERY query_id SET PRIORITY [=] priority

Parameter	Data Type	Description
`query_id`	numeric	The identifier of the SQL query that is running.
`priority`	numeric	The priority of the specified SQL query.

Example This example sets the priority of the SQL query 34566 to 2.

ALTER QUERY 34566 SET PRIORITY 2;

Manage Users, Groups, and Roles Data Control Language (DCL) Statement Reference Database Password Security Settings

Overview

General SQL Syntax

Machine Learning Models

DDL

System Catalog

Users, Groups, and Service Classes

USER

CREATE USER

Define User Parameters (`<user_definition>`)

DROP USER

ALTER USER

ALTER USER SET

GROUP

CREATE GROUP

DROP GROUP

ALTER GROUP

ALTER GROUP USER

ALTER GROUP RENAME

ALTER GROUP SET SERVICE CLASS

ALTER GROUP ALTER SECURITY

SERVICE CLASS

CREATE SERVICE CLASS

Define Service Classes ( `<service_class_definition>` )

DROP SERVICE CLASS

ALTER SERVICE CLASS

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RENAME

ALTER SERVICE CLASS SET

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RESET

ALTER QUERY

Overview

General SQL Syntax

Machine Learning Models

DDL

System Catalog

​USER

​CREATE USER

​Define User Parameters (<user_definition>)

​DROP USER

​ALTER USER

​ALTER USER SET

​GROUP

​CREATE GROUP

​DROP GROUP

​ALTER GROUP

​ALTER GROUP USER

​ALTER GROUP RENAME

​ALTER GROUP SET SERVICE CLASS

​ALTER GROUP ALTER SECURITY

​SERVICE CLASS

​CREATE SERVICE CLASS

​Define Service Classes ( <service_class_definition> )

​DROP SERVICE CLASS

​ALTER SERVICE CLASS

​ALTER SERVICE CLASS RENAME

​ALTER SERVICE CLASS SET

​ALTER SERVICE CLASS RESET

​ALTER QUERY

​Related Links

USER

CREATE USER

Define User Parameters (`<user_definition>`)

DROP USER

ALTER USER

ALTER USER SET

GROUP

CREATE GROUP

DROP GROUP

ALTER GROUP

ALTER GROUP USER

ALTER GROUP RENAME

ALTER GROUP SET SERVICE CLASS

ALTER GROUP ALTER SECURITY

SERVICE CLASS

CREATE SERVICE CLASS

Define Service Classes ( `<service_class_definition>` )

DROP SERVICE CLASS

ALTER SERVICE CLASS

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RENAME

ALTER SERVICE CLASS SET

ALTER SERVICE CLASS RESET

ALTER QUERY

Related Links